Random

Minimum number of arc-disjoint transitive subtournaments of order 3 in a tournament ★★

Author(s): Yuster

Conjecture   If $ T $ is a tournament of order $ n $, then it contains $ \left \lceil n(n-1)/6 - n/3\right\rceil $ arc-disjoint transitive subtournaments of order 3.

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The Sims Mobile Cheats Generator 2024 for Android iOS (UPDATED Generator) ★★

Author(s):

The Sims Mobile Cheats Generator 2024 for Android iOS (UPDATED Generator)

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House Of Fun Cheats Generator 2024 for Android iOS (updated Generator) ★★

Author(s):

House Of Fun Cheats Generator 2024 for Android iOS (updated Generator)

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Which homology 3-spheres bound homology 4-balls? ★★★★

Author(s): Ancient/folklore

Problem   Is there a complete and computable set of invariants that can determine which (rational) homology $ 3 $-spheres bound (rational) homology $ 4 $-balls?

Keywords: cobordism; homology ball; homology sphere

Bleach Brave Souls Cheats Generator Free 2024 No Human Verification (New Update) ★★

Author(s):

Bleach Brave Souls Cheats Generator Free 2024 No Human Verification (New Update)

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Algebra ★★

Author(s):

Algebra

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Lords Mobile Latest Cheats Version 2024 Free Gems Coins (WORKING GENERATOR) ★★

Author(s):

Lords Mobile Latest Cheats Version 2024 Free Gems Coins (WORKING GENERATOR)

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Woodall's Conjecture ★★★

Author(s): Woodall

Conjecture   If $ G $ is a directed graph with smallest directed cut of size $ k $, then $ G $ has $ k $ disjoint dijoins.

Keywords: digraph; packing

Realisation problem for the space of knots in the 3-sphere ★★

Author(s): Budney

Problem   Given a link $ L $ in $ S^3 $, let the symmetry group of $ L $ be denoted $ Sym(L) = \pi_0 Diff(S^3,L) $ ie: isotopy classes of diffeomorphisms of $ S^3 $ which preserve $ L $, where the isotopies are also required to preserve $ L $.

Now let $ L $ be a hyperbolic link. Assume $ L $ has the further `Brunnian' property that there exists a component $ L_0 $ of $ L $ such that $ L \setminus L_0 $ is the unlink. Let $ A_L $ be the subgroup of $ Sym(L) $ consisting of diffeomorphisms of $ S^3 $ which preserve $ L_0 $ together with its orientation, and which preserve the orientation of $ S^3 $.

There is a representation $ A_L \to \pi_0 Diff(L \setminus L_0) $ given by restricting the diffeomorphism to the $ L \setminus L_0 $. It's known that $ A_L $ is always a cyclic group. And $ \pi_0 Diff(L \setminus L_0) $ is a signed symmetric group -- the wreath product of a symmetric group with $ \mathbb Z_2 $.

Problem: What representations can be obtained?

Keywords: knot space; symmetry

Dragon City Generator Cheats 2024 (generator!) ★★

Author(s):

Dragon City Generator Cheats 2024 (generator!)

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Invariant subspace problem ★★★

Author(s):

Problem   Does every bounded linear operator on an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space have a non-trivial closed invariant subspace?

Keywords: subspace

Cube-Simplex conjecture ★★★

Author(s): Kalai

Conjecture   For every positive integer $ k $, there exists an integer $ d $ so that every polytope of dimension $ \ge d $ has a $ k $-dimensional face which is either a simplex or is combinatorially isomorphic to a $ k $-dimensional cube.

Keywords: cube; facet; polytope; simplex

Partial List Coloring ★★★

Author(s): Iradmusa

Let $ G $ be a simple graph, and for every list assignment $ \mathcal{L} $ let $ \lambda_{\mathcal{L}} $ be the maximum number of vertices of $ G $ which are colorable with respect to $ \mathcal{L} $. Define $ \lambda_t = \min{ \lambda_{\mathcal{L}} } $, where the minimum is taken over all list assignments $ \mathcal{L} $ with $ |\mathcal{L}| = t $ for all $ v \in V(G) $.

Conjecture   [2] Let $ G $ be a graph with list chromatic number $ \chi_\ell $ and $ 1\leq r\leq s\leq \chi_\ell $. Then \[\frac{\lambda_r}{r}\geq\frac{\lambda_s}{s}.\]

Keywords: list assignment; list coloring

Chromatic number of $\frac{3}{3}$-power of graph ★★

Author(s):

Let $ G $ be a graph and $ m,n\in \mathbb{N} $. The graph $ G^{\frac{m}{n}} $ is defined to be the $ m $-power of the $ n $-subdivision of $ G $. In other words, $ G^{\frac{m}{n}}=(G^{\frac{1}{n}})^m $.

Conjecture   Let $ G $ be a graph with $ \Delta(G)\geq 2 $. Then $ \chi(G^{\frac{3}{3}})\leq 2\Delta(G)+1 $.

Keywords:

Signing a graph to have small magnitude eigenvalues ★★

Author(s): Bilu; Linial

Conjecture   If $ A $ is the adjacency matrix of a $ d $-regular graph, then there is a symmetric signing of $ A $ (i.e. replace some $ +1 $ entries by $ -1 $) so that the resulting matrix has all eigenvalues of magnitude at most $ 2 \sqrt{d-1} $.

Keywords: eigenvalue; expander; Ramanujan graph; signed graph; signing

Fishing Clash Cheats Generator Free 2024 (New) ★★

Author(s):

Fishing Clash Cheats Generator Free 2024 (New)

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Linial-Berge path partition duality ★★★

Author(s): Berge; Linial

Conjecture   The minimum $ k $-norm of a path partition on a directed graph $ D $ is no more than the maximal size of an induced $ k $-colorable subgraph.

Keywords: coloring; directed path; partition

Chromatic number of associahedron ★★

Author(s): Fabila-Monroy; Flores-Penaloza; Huemer; Hurtado; Urrutia; Wood

Conjecture   Associahedra have unbounded chromatic number.

Keywords: associahedron, graph colouring, chromatic number

Ryser's conjecture ★★★

Author(s): Ryser

Conjecture   Let $ H $ be an $ r $-uniform $ r $-partite hypergraph. If $ \nu $ is the maximum number of pairwise disjoint edges in $ H $, and $ \tau $ is the size of the smallest set of vertices which meets every edge, then $ \tau \le (r-1) \nu $.

Keywords: hypergraph; matching; packing

Working Apex Legends Cheats Online Coins Generator (No Survey) ★★

Author(s):

Working Apex Legends Cheats Online Coins Generator (No Survey)

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Colouring the square of a planar graph ★★

Author(s): Wegner

Conjecture   Let $ G $ be a planar graph of maximum degree $ \Delta $. The chromatic number of its square is
    \item at most $ 7 $ if $ \Delta =3 $, \item at most $ \Delta+5 $ if $ 4\leq\Delta\leq 7 $, \item at most $ \left\lfloor\frac32\,\Delta\right\rfloor+1 $ if $ \Delta\ge8 $.

Keywords:

Forcing a 2-regular minor ★★

Author(s): Reed; Wood

Conjecture   Every graph with average degree at least $ \frac{4}{3}t-2 $ contains every 2-regular graph on $ t $ vertices as a minor.

Keywords: minors

Circular flow numbers of $r$-graphs ★★

Author(s): Steffen

A nowhere-zero $ r $-flow $ (D(G),\phi) $ on $ G $ is an orientation $ D $ of $ G $ together with a function $ \phi $ from the edge set of $ G $ into the real numbers such that $ 1 \leq |\phi(e)| \leq r-1 $, for all $ e \in E(G) $, and $ \sum_{e \in E^+(v)}\phi(e) = \sum_{e \in E^-(v)}\phi(e), \textrm{ for all } v \in V(G) $.

A $ (2t+1) $-regular graph $ G $ is a $ (2t+1) $-graph if $ |\partial_G(X)| \geq 2t+1 $ for every $ X \subseteq V(G) $ with $ |X| $ odd.

Conjecture   Let $ t > 1 $ be an integer. If $ G $ is a $ (2t+1) $-graph, then $ F_c(G) \leq 2 + \frac{2}{t} $.

Keywords: flow conjectures; nowhere-zero flows

Something like Picard for 1-forms ★★

Author(s): Elsner

Conjecture   Let $ D $ be the open unit disk in the complex plane and let $ U_1,\dots,U_n $ be open sets such that $ \bigcup_{j=1}^nU_j=D\setminus\{0\} $. Suppose there are injective holomorphic functions $ f_j : U_j \to \mathbb{C}, $ $ j=1,\ldots,n, $ such that for the differentials we have $ {\rm d}f_j={\rm d}f_k $ on any intersection $ U_j\cap U_k $. Then those differentials glue together to a meromorphic 1-form on $ D $.

Keywords: Essential singularity; Holomorphic functions; Picard's theorem; Residue of 1-form; Riemann surfaces

Infinite uniquely hamiltonian graphs ★★

Author(s): Mohar

Problem   Are there any uniquely hamiltonian locally finite 1-ended graphs which are regular of degree $ r > 2 $?

Keywords: hamiltonian; infinite graph; uniquely hamiltonian

Quartic rationally derived polynomials ★★★

Author(s): Buchholz; MacDougall

Call a polynomial $ p \in {\mathbb Q}[x] $ rationally derived if all roots of $ p $ and the nonzero derivatives of $ p $ are rational.

Conjecture   There does not exist a quartic rationally derived polynomial $ p \in {\mathbb Q}[x] $ with four distinct roots.

Keywords: derivative; diophantine; elliptic; polynomial

Finite Lattice Representation Problem ★★★★

Author(s):

Conjecture  

There exists a finite lattice which is not the congruence lattice of a finite algebra.

Keywords: congruence lattice; finite algebra

Finding k-edge-outerplanar graph embeddings ★★

Author(s): Bentz

Conjecture   It has been shown that a $ k $-outerplanar embedding for which $ k $ is minimal can be found in polynomial time. Does a similar result hold for $ k $-edge-outerplanar graphs?

Keywords: planar graph; polynomial algorithm

New Update: Sims FreePlay Free Simoleons Life Points and Social Points Cheats 2024 No Human Verification ★★

Author(s):

New Update: Sims FreePlay Free Simoleons Life Points and Social Points Cheats 2024 No Human Verification

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Which outer reloids are equal to inner ones ★★

Author(s): Porton

Warning: This formulation is vague (not exact).

Question   Characterize the set $ \{f\in\mathsf{FCD} \mid (\mathsf{RLD})_{\mathrm{in}} f=(\mathsf{RLD})_{\mathrm{out}} f\} $. In other words, simplify this formula.

The problem seems rather difficult.

Keywords:

Gardenscapes Cheats Generator Free Unlimited Cheats Generator (new codes Generator) ★★

Author(s):

Gardenscapes Cheats Generator Free Unlimited Cheats Generator (new codes Generator)

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Diagonal Ramsey numbers ★★★★

Author(s): Erdos

Let $ R(k,k) $ denote the $ k^{th} $ diagonal Ramsey number.

Conjecture   $ \lim_{k \rightarrow \infty} R(k,k) ^{\frac{1}{k}} $ exists.
Problem   Determine the limit in the above conjecture (assuming it exists).

Keywords: Ramsey number

Crossing numbers and coloring ★★★

Author(s): Albertson

We let $ cr(G) $ denote the crossing number of a graph $ G $.

Conjecture   Every graph $ G $ with $ \chi(G) \ge t $ satisfies $ cr(G) \ge cr(K_t) $.

Keywords: coloring; complete graph; crossing number

Multicolour Erdős--Hajnal Conjecture ★★★

Author(s): Erdos; Hajnal

Conjecture   For every fixed $ k\geq2 $ and fixed colouring $ \chi $ of $ E(K_k) $ with $ m $ colours, there exists $ \varepsilon>0 $ such that every colouring of the edges of $ K_n $ contains either $ k $ vertices whose edges are coloured according to $ \chi $ or $ n^\varepsilon $ vertices whose edges are coloured with at most $ m-1 $ colours.

Keywords: ramsey theory

Vertex Coloring of graph fractional powers ★★★

Author(s): Iradmusa

Conjecture   Let $ G $ be a graph and $ k $ be a positive integer. The $ k- $power of $ G $, denoted by $ G^k $, is defined on the vertex set $ V(G) $, by connecting any two distinct vertices $ x $ and $ y $ with distance at most $ k $. In other words, $ E(G^k)=\{xy:1\leq d_G(x,y)\leq k\} $. Also $ k- $subdivision of $ G $, denoted by $ G^\frac{1}{k} $, is constructed by replacing each edge $ ij $ of $ G $ with a path of length $ k $. Note that for $ k=1 $, we have $ G^\frac{1}{1}=G^1=G $.
Now we can define the fractional power of a graph as follows:
Let $ G $ be a graph and $ m,n\in \mathbb{N} $. The graph $ G^{\frac{m}{n}} $ is defined by the $ m- $power of the $ n- $subdivision of $ G $. In other words $ G^{\frac{m}{n}}\isdef (G^{\frac{1}{n}})^m $.
Conjecture. Let $ G $ be a connected graph with $ \Delta(G)\geq3 $ and $ m $ be a positive integer greater than 1. Then for any positive integer $ n>m $, we have $ \chi(G^{\frac{m}{n}})=\omega(G^\frac{m}{n}) $.
In [1], it was shown that this conjecture is true in some special cases.

Keywords: chromatic number, fractional power of graph, clique number

Extremal problem on the number of tree endomorphism ★★

Author(s): Zhicong Lin

Conjecture   An endomorphism of a graph is a mapping on the vertex set of the graph which preserves edges. Among all the $ n $ vertices' trees, the star with $ n $ vertices has the most endomorphisms, while the path with $ n $ vertices has the least endomorphisms.

Keywords:

Are all Mersenne Numbers with prime exponent square-free? ★★★

Author(s):

Conjecture   Are all Mersenne Numbers with prime exponent $ {2^p-1} $ Square free?

Keywords: Mersenne number

Dirac's Conjecture ★★

Author(s): Dirac

Conjecture   For every set $ P $ of $ n $ points in the plane, not all collinear, there is a point in $ P $ contained in at least $ \frac{n}{2}-c $ lines determined by $ P $, for some constant $ c $.

Keywords: point set

Growth of finitely presented groups ★★★

Author(s): Adyan

Problem   Does there exist a finitely presented group of intermediate growth?

Keywords: finitely presented; growth

Cyclic spanning subdigraph with small cyclomatic number ★★

Author(s): Bondy

Conjecture   Let $ D $ be a digraph all of whose strong components are nontrivial. Then $ D $ contains a cyclic spanning subdigraph with cyclomatic number at most $ \alpha(D) $.

Keywords:

Approximation Ratio for Maximum Edge Disjoint Paths problem ★★

Author(s): Bentz

Conjecture   Can the approximation ratio $ O(\sqrt{n}) $ be improved for the Maximum Edge Disjoint Paths problem (MaxEDP) in planar graphs or can an inapproximability result stronger than $ \mathcal{APX} $-hardness?

Keywords: approximation algorithms; Disjoint paths; planar graph; polynomial algorithm

Direct product of reloids is a complete lattice homomorphism ★★

Author(s):

Conjecture  

Keywords:

Book Thickness of Subdivisions ★★

Author(s): Blankenship; Oporowski

Let $ G $ be a finite undirected simple graph.

A $ k $-page book embedding of $ G $ consists of a linear order $ \preceq $ of $ V(G) $ and a (non-proper) $ k $-colouring of $ E(G) $ such that edges with the same colour do not cross with respect to $ \preceq $. That is, if $ v\prec x\prec w\prec y $ for some edges $ vw,xy\in E(G) $, then $ vw $ and $ xy $ receive distinct colours.

One can think that the vertices are placed along the spine of a book, and the edges are drawn without crossings on the pages of the book.

The book thickness of $ G $, denoted by bt$ (G) $ is the minimum integer $ k $ for which there is a $ k $-page book embedding of $ G $.

Let $ G' $ be the graph obtained by subdividing each edge of $ G $ exactly once.

Conjecture   There is a function $ f $ such that for every graph $ G $, $$   \text{bt}(G) \leq f( \text{bt}(G') )\enspace.   $$

Keywords: book embedding; book thickness

A conjecture about direct product of funcoids ★★

Author(s): Porton

Conjecture   Let $ f_1 $ and $ f_2 $ are monovalued, entirely defined funcoids with $ \operatorname{Src}f_1=\operatorname{Src}f_2=A $. Then there exists a pointfree funcoid $ f_1 \times^{\left( D \right)} f_2 $ such that (for every filter $ x $ on $ A $) $$\left\langle f_1 \times^{\left( D \right)} f_2 \right\rangle x = \bigcup \left\{ \langle f_1\rangle X \times^{\mathsf{FCD}} \langle f_2\rangle X \hspace{1em} | \hspace{1em} X \in \mathrm{atoms}^{\mathfrak{A}} x \right\}.$$ (The join operation is taken on the lattice of filters with reversed order.)

A positive solution of this problem may open a way to prove that some funcoids-related categories are cartesian closed.

Keywords: category theory; general topology

3-Decomposition Conjectures ★★

Author(s):

Conjecture  

Keywords:

Waring rank of determinant ★★

Author(s): Teitler

Question   What is the Waring rank of the determinant of a $ d \times d $ generic matrix?

For simplicity say we work over the complex numbers. The $ d \times d $ generic matrix is the matrix with entries $ x_{i,j} $ for $ 1 \leq i,j \leq d $. Its determinant is a homogeneous form of degree $ d $, in $ d^2 $ variables. If $ F $ is a homogeneous form of degree $ d $, a power sum expression for $ F $ is an expression of the form $ F = \ell_1^d+\dotsb+\ell_r^d $, the $ \ell_i $ (homogeneous) linear forms. The Waring rank of $ F $ is the least number of terms $ r $ in any power sum expression for $ F $. For example, the expression $ xy = \frac{1}{4}(x+y)^2 - \frac{1}{4}(x-y)^2 $ means that $ xy $ has Waring rank $ 2 $ (it can't be less than $ 2 $, as $ xy \neq \ell_1^2 $).

The $ 2 \times 2 $ generic determinant $ x_{1,1}x_{2,2}-x_{1,2}x_{2,1} $ (or $ ad-bc $) has Waring rank $ 4 $. The Waring rank of the $ 3 \times 3 $ generic determinant is at least $ 14 $ and no more than $ 20 $, see for instance Lower bound for ranks of invariant forms, Example 4.1. The Waring rank of the permanent is also of interest. The comparison between the determinant and permanent is potentially relevant to Valiant's "VP versus VNP" problem.

Keywords: Waring rank, determinant

Chowla's cosine problem ★★★

Author(s): Chowla

Problem   Let $ A \subseteq {\mathbb N} $ be a set of $ n $ positive integers and set \[m(A) = - \min_x \sum_{a \in A} \cos(ax).\] What is $ m(n) = \min_A m(A) $?

Keywords: circle; cosine polynomial

Dragon City Cheats Generator without verification (Free) ★★

Author(s):

Dragon City Cheats Generator without verification (Free)

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The Two Color Conjecture ★★

Author(s): Neumann-Lara

Conjecture   If $ G $ is an orientation of a simple planar graph, then there is a partition of $ V(G) $ into $ \{X_1,X_2\} $ so that the graph induced by $ X_i $ is acyclic for $ i=1,2 $.

Keywords: acyclic; digraph; planar

Coloring the union of degenerate graphs ★★

Author(s): Tarsi

Conjecture   The union of a $ 1 $-degenerate graph (a forest) and a $ 2 $-degenerate graph is $ 5 $-colourable.

Keywords: